Showing posts with label Atonement. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Atonement. Show all posts

Monday, February 16, 2026

Deep Down Faith | The Strange Cross of Love: You're Accepted


Descent from the Cross by Sadao Watanabe, 1973

The Son of God sacrifices His life
for something He wants more:
the lives of you and me.

This is the strangest event
in the history of the universe.
But for us it is also the mightiest
and most gracious.

+ The Mightiest Sacrifice,
Deep Down Faith

Last spring, I had the joy again of spending some time with young people connected to Emmaus City Church engaging the Scriptures alongside one of my favorite reflections on God called Deep Down Faith by Cornelius Plantinga Jr. Plantinga, like C.S. Lewis in many ways, has a gift for discussing profound thoughts in whimsical, rich, and accessible ways for young and old alike. 

In honor of St. Valentine's Day and the witness of the 21 martyrs who died on February 15, 2015, today's post focuses on Jesus' sacrifice on the cross being the strange, yet ultimate symbol of love and acceptance. Some helpful Bible Project videos that complement this post include "Messiahand "Atonement."
 
The Cross Is Still a Strange Thing

We have seen and heard of it so often it no longer surprises us. But it is strange. Planted like a scarecrow in the center of our religion is an ugly, humiliating thing. People wear it on a chain like a charm. Churches mount triple-sized replicas of it twenty feet off the ground. Two-year-old Catholics (and Orthodox Christians) learn how to touch out the pattern of it on their own heads and chests. We have gotten used to it. But it is still a strange and ugly thing.

A torture rack is the main symbol 
of the Christian faith: a cross
Christians see Jesus Christ 
not just as Messiah
He is not just Immanuel
but God with black eyes
and a split lip
and a beard matted with
other men's spit.
He is not just one of us,
but a scapegoat
for all of us.

This is all very strange. The apostles went up and down the Mediterranean basin preaching "Christ crucified." People thought they were crazy. Who else would dream of celebrating the death and humiliation of their God? Who else would think there was universal power in a rubbed-out preacher, dead weight hanging from spikes on a dreary afternoon?

It is strange, but true. God deals with sin (ours and the world's) by the sin of Romans and Jews. God conquers death by death within the holy Trinity. God overcomes misery by the misery of His Son. Because of the capital punishment of Jesus Christ, last-minute pardons are issued for us. By His scarred hands and spiked feet we are healed.

The whole process is called atonement. It means putting right what sin puts wrong. It means repairing a broken relationship. It means making amends for sin, paying the price to cover the damages. The Bible and Jesus' Church, in fact, use a number of words for what happens in atonement — words like reconciliation, redemption, satisfaction, and sacrifice.

When you sacrifice, you give up something of value in order to get something of even greater value. The Son of God sacrifices his life for something He wants more: the lives of you and me. This is the strangest event in the history of the universe. But for us it is also the mightiest and most gracious.

God did not turn away
from a world bent on destruction
but turned to face it in love.
With patience and tender care,
The Lord set out
on the long road of redemption
to reclaim the lost as His people
and the world as His Kingdom.

You Are Accepted by the Son of Man

When God accepts us,
we can accept ourselves.

Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes tells a story that helps us understand acceptance. He tells about Don Quixote, a brave but awkward knight. In one episode (adapted in The Man of La Mancha; see also "The Scandal of Grace and Don Quixote") Don Quixote comes into a little village inn, where he meets the village prostitute. She is a prostitute. There can't be much doubt about that. After all, everybody in the village says she's a prostitute. And everybody treats her like a prostitute. Most important, when people look at her with scorn, she reads "whore" in their eyes.

But the strange and brave Don Quixote doesn't see a prostitute when he sees this young woman. He sees a noble lady. He tells her she is a great and noble lady. He treats her as though she is royalty. And most important, when he looks at her, she sees in his eyes the image of a great and respected person. When she sees this image in Don Quixote's eyes, she recognizes it as her real self.

So she starts acting like the image she recognizes. She stops acting like a prostitute and starts acting like a great and respected person. She becomes Don Quixote's noble lady.

This is what acceptance can do for unacceptable people. The God who comes for us in Jesus Christ is forever looking at people like you and me and saying not only with His lips and eyes but also with His life the words, "son," "daughter" (ex. see The Chosen's "She was healed by touching hem of His garment?"), "noble lady," "my child." 

The same terrifying cross on Golgotha 
that tells us we needed someone to die for us 
also tells us that God thinks we were worth
dying for.

If God accepts us,
who are we to condemn ourselves?

For Reflection

Who will bring any charge against
those whom God has chosen?
It is God who justifies.
+ Romans 8:33 (NIV)

"When God accepts us,
 we can accept ourselves."
What does this mean to you personally?

Prayer Starters

Talk to God as the Father
who totally accepts you
and calls you His child.
Ask God to help you feel
and act as an accepted 
and free person.
Thank God for making you
His child.

Q. What is your only comfort
in life and in death?

A. That I am not my own
but belong — 
body and soul,
in life and in death — 
to my faithful Savior Jesus Christ

+ You Are Accepted,
Deep Down Faith


May God's Kingdom come, His will be done.
Que le Royaume de Dieu vienne, 
que sa volonté soit faite.
愿神的国降临,愿神的旨意成就。
Nguyện xin Nước Chúa đến, ý Ngài được nên.
Jesús nuestra Rey, venga Tu reino! 
🙏💗🍞🍷👑🌅🌇

With anticipation and joy,

Rev. Mike “Sully” Sullivan



Thursday, April 13, 2023

Eastertide | Why is Jesus Dying & Rising? Victory & Restoration




What did Jesus accomplish on the cross? And how does the cross of Christ fully display the overcoming power and love of God for you? Francis Spufford once wrote, "More can be mended than you know." Out of the brokenness of the cross can Christ bring us wholeness?


Instead of separating the different aspects of God's gracious and generous atonement (or bringing together the "one-ment" or reconciliation between God and man) for us through the cross, or putting them in a hierarchy one above the other, Joshua McNall in The Mosaic of Atonement highlights the 4 predominant views of atonement through visualizing Jesus' humanity in His body from head to toe (or feet to hands):  

1 | Recapitulation: The Beautiful Feet  
| 2 | Substitution: The Beating Heart  
| 3 | Christus Victor: The Sacred Head  
| 4 | Moral Influence: The Outstretched Hands

revealing how each flows through the other, a beautiful mosaic for us to revel in as we grow in our wonder of what Jesus' loving sacrifice on the cross accomplished for us.

Unlike a photograph in which tiny pixels present a seamless blend of color and shape, a mosaic allows each piece to retain its recognizable particularity while integrating them in the service of a larger picture. ... Though the marks of breaking remain (like scars etched into hands and feet and side), beauty is achieved in the incorporative assembly. As we turn from art to the atonement, the question is straightforward: Cannot the Potter do this even with the most sacred Vessel? ... Yes. God has shown this through the body of Jesus, by the power of the Holy Spirit. Out of brokenness comes wholeness.

There is much more to be said (and McNall has filled his entire book with such thoughts), but here is a brief glimpse into the mysterious glory and power of the cross of Christ and why He had to die for us. Also, if you're looking for a passage in Scripture that touches on all four, check out Colossians 2:9-15:

2:9 For in Christ lives all the fullness of God in a human body (recapitulation). 10 So you also are complete through your union with Christ (moral influence), who is the head over every ruler and authority (Christus Victor). 11 When you came to Christ, you were “circumcised,” but not by a physical procedure. Christ performed a spiritual circumcision—the cutting away of your sinful nature. 12 For you were buried with Christ when you were baptized (substitution). And with Him you were raised to new life because you trusted the mighty power of God, who raised Christ from the dead. 13 You were dead because of your sins and because your sinful nature was not yet cut away. Then God made you alive with Christ (recapitulation, moral influence), for He forgave all our sins. 14 He canceled the record of the charges against us and took it away by nailing it to the cross. 15 In this way, He disarmed the spiritual rulers and authorities. He shamed them publicly by His victory over them on the cross (Christus Victor).

1 | Why is Jesus Dying to Restore our Humanity (Recapitulation: The Beautiful Feet)?

Christ enters the human story as both "true Adam" and "true Israel." Most importantly, he enters the story as the true image of the invisible God. And his work must not be divided from his personhood. In these foundational roles (hence: feet), he has the authority to act positively on behalf of all humanity. In so doing, Jesus relives the human drama faithfully on our behalf. And all other models of atonement (ex. substitution, Christus Victor, moral influence, etc.) build up from the footing.

The scriptural genius of the early church leader Irenaeus resides largely in the way he connects Christ's recapitulative ability to a particular doctrine of the imago Dei (image of God), or more specifically the imago Christi (image of Christ). Because all humans have been stamped in the image of the incarnate Son, there exists an unseen (but genuine) connection between the Messiah and the masses. Jesus is the "mold" for Adam's making and the archetype of all other image bearers. Because humanity was patterned after Christ in the beginning, Jesus enters the human drama as the true head of the entire human family. And in the Scriptures, the "head" may act on behalf of the whole.

If all humanity is somehow bound up with the Son (as our archetypal, image-granting source), then the cross presents not simply one innocent and disconnected individual bearing the punishment for other guilty ones but the judgment of the entire human race in the body of the one person who really does (somehow) "contain" and represent us all. Since it is in the Son that we "live and move and have our being" (Acts 17:28), it is possible to claim that "I have been crucified with Christ" (Galatians 2:20).

| 2 | Why is Jesus Dying to Judge Evil and Free Us for Good (Substitution and Vicarious Judgment: The Beating Heart)?

The divine victory of the Father, Son, and Spirit flows forth from Christ's recapitulative fidelity (feet) and his penalty-absorbing death (heart). Substitution does not (and should not) pit the Father against the Son in a way that seems to sever their eternal love relationship. In place of this un-Trinitarian idea, penal substitution need claim only that Christ underwent the divinely sanctioned penalty for human sin in our stead.

Some things were clearly suffered by Jesus that were not experienced by me. And regarding agency, I contributed nothing (except my sin) to the strange triumph at Golgotha. I was mysteriously bound up with Christ, but I was not the agent of redemptive action. Christ's devil-defeating victory emerges not merely alongside (or in contrast to) his penalty-enduring death but precisely because of it. Just as Jesus' recapitulative fidelity provides a positive ground for his emerging victory, so does his vicarious judgment on our behalf remove the Accuser's right to condemn us. 

In line with this thinking, Colossians states that Christ triumphed over the principalities and powers precisely by nailing our note of legal indebtedness (the cheirographon) to the cross (Colossians 2:13-15). Likewise, Revelation glories in the fact that the Accuser has been overcome "by the blood of the Lamb" (Revelation 12:10-11). Both here and elsewhere, it is not just victory and penal substitution but victory by way of penal substitution and vicarious judgment. Even the head must receive the cleansing lifeblood of the heart.

| 3 | Why is Jesus Dying to Bring Victory in the Face of Seeming Defeat (Christus Victor: The Sacred Head)?

Can the royal conquest be found on the cross itself? In John's Gospel, Jesus speaks of his death as "the hour" for the Son of Man to be "glorified" (John 12:23) and "lifted up" (John 12:32). In Luke's Gospel, Christ's royal reign is recognized by a criminal beside him: "Remember me," he says, "when you come into your kingdom" (Luke 23:42). The cross is not merely the height of Christ's humiliation; it is simultaneously his gloriously enthronement here on earth. This reality has also been noted throughout church history. In an early example, Justin Martyr proclaimed that "the Lord hath reigned from the tree." In the Middle Ages, Venantius Fortunatus sang of "God ruling nations from a tree." In the Reformation, Calvin spoke of the cross as Christ's "triumphal chariot." In the modern era, Karl Barth pushed back so hard against the divide between humiliation and his exaltation that Colin Gunton summarized his view by saying, "For Barth, it is just as God-like to be lowly as to be exalted." Finally, in the contemporary setting, Michael Horton writes that "Jesus embraced the cross precisely as a king embraces a scepter." In each, the cross itself is viewed as a royal exaltation. 

This paradoxical reality also has implications for God's people. In Matthew, it is at Jesus's death (not his resurrection) that the veil is torn, the tombs split open, and "the bodies of many holy people ... were raised to life" (Matthew 27:51-53). While the tale of these raised corpses may seem outlandish, it is even odder to note that the bodies do not emerge from their open tombs till "after Jesus' resurrection". In the meantime, they must wait alive in the abode of death. During this interim, the evidence of their new life remains unseen by outsiders. In this sense, the strange story provides a metaphor for the Christian's present-day experience of "new creation" (2 Corinthians 5:17-21) amidst the smell of death and slowly airing grave cloths. We wait alive in the abode of death. And it was a death that brought us life.

With regard to such unconventional victories, even the so-called proto-evangelium (i.e. first Good News after sin) of Genesis 3:15 may be taken to point in a similar direction. Here, the lethal stomp seems to coincide with the serpent's fatal puncture: "He will crush your head, and you will strike his heel." It is a double deathblow." And if Christ's earthly triumph was excruciating, then it should be unsurprising that his people's triumph is as well. Believers are to adopt the posture of the Lamb: "standing ... as though slain" (Revelation 5:6). In so doing, we inhabit the victory God has already won in Christ. Importantly, to dispel any appearance of a growth that springs from human effort, the transformation is said to be the product of the Spirit's work. In this way also, Christ's cruciform triumph guided by the Holy Spirit provides the model for our own victorious existence. Likewise, our Spirit-driven sanctification is one way in which the kingdom comes on earth, as it is in heaven.

| 4 | Why is Jesus Dying to Pour Himself Out and Fill Us with Abundant Life Now and Forever (Moral Influence: The Outstretched Hands)?

Learning how to stand in a cruciform existence shows the reciprocal relation between the head and the hands of mosiac Christ. In the words of G.B. Caird: "The transforming of sinners into righteous (humans) is the final defeat of the power." For this reason, sanctification cannot be detached from God's continuing triumph over evil through the transformed lives of his people. After all, Paul once gloried in the promise that "the God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet" (Romans 16:20).

Moral influence involves (1) the beckoning hand of divine love which calls forth grateful imitation and bold approach to God on behalf of sinners and (2) the restraining or unmasking hand that waives off certain idolatrous or violent tendencies.

The engine of moral influence is the Holy Spirit. He incorporates us into God's redemptive work. Atonement is praxis, both for Jesus and his people. Yet this praxis is made possible only because the Spirit makes us into the body of Jesus here on earth. In this way, believers participate in God's work of reconciliation by grace alone (2 Corinthians 5:17-21).

In summary, the recapitulative presuppositions of Irenaeus ground the other images like feet planted in the dust of fallen Eden. Christ's penalty-bearing death pumps cleansing lifeblood like a heart to other members. And the triumphant head of Christus Victor rises as the telos or goal of atonement, even as the final victory comes as the Spirit shapes sinners into saints by the beckoning and restraining hands of moral influence. "This is my body," Christ proclaimed, not merely broken but also mended for you. ... "This is Christ's body given for you." ... "More can be mended than you know."

+ Excerpts adapted from Joshua M. McNall's The Mosaic of Atonement: An Integrated Approach to Christ's Work

Christ is all,

Rev. Mike "Sully" Sullivan

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Friday, November 6, 2015

The Story of God | Sacrifice and Atonement


Emmaus City Church Worcester MA Soma Acts 29 3DM Christian Reformed Church Transcultural Kingdom Multi-Ethnic Network of Missional Communities


The Bible Project | Sacrifice and AtonementA very powerful symbol of God's justice and grace


Recent posts on overviews of the Story of God found in the Bible: 

The Story of God, the World, and You | Our World Belongs to God | Creation, Crisis, Covenant, Christ, Church, (New) Creation Jesus as the "True and Better" One | The Messiah The Covenants | Heaven and Earth | God's Holiness | God's Multi-Ethnic Family | Hell 

For this post, I'm including a video and the manuscript for an Animated Explanation of Sacrifice and Atonement by Tim Mackie and Jon Collins via The Bible Project, a wonderful new and free video series on YouTube.

Animated Explanation of Sacrifice and Atonement by The Bible Project


Produced by Tim Mackie and Jon Collins




We all long for the world to be good, for people to live in peace, and act in love and justice. But there's a problem. Something compels us humans to constantly wreak havoc and destruction instead. And we call this, "evil." 

From the Bible's point of view, evil ruins things in two ways: (1) There's a direct effect of our evil. Like when someone steals from another person, they've created injustice. Therefore, they owe something to make it right. (2) But there's another indirect effect of evil because they've also ruined the environment of the relationship, creating a lack of trust. There's emotional damage. It's like vandalism. And they need to make that right, too. 

Now many people believe, hey, God is good. He should be the One to get rid of all the evil in the world. But let's be honest, the evil I see everywhere out there, it's the same evil inside of me. We have all contributed and we keep doing it. So this kind of puts us in a bind. If God is going to rid the world of evil, He'll have to get rid of us. 

And this is what's so remarkable about the story of the Bible. This God is so good that not only is He going to rid the world of evil, He's going to do it without destroying all of humanity. So how is He going to do that? Early in the story of the Bible, we're introduced to this practice of animal sacrifice, which I know, seems weird to us. But for the Israelites, it was a very powerful symbol of God's justice and of His grace. 


Emmaus City Church Worcester MA Soma Acts 29 3DM Christian Reformed Church Transcultural Kingdom Multi-Ethnic Network of Missional Communities

So remember, I'm a contributor to the evil that's in the world. I should be removed. But God is allowing this animal's life to be a substitute. It's symbolically dying in my place. The biblical word for this is atonement, which means to cover over someone's debt. 

But there's a second part to this ritual. Remember that evil also causes this relational vandalism. And in the Bible, this idea is described as polluting and defiling the land and making it unclean. So the priest would symbolically wash away the vandalism by sprinkling the animal's blood in different parts of the temple. So the animal's blood is cleaning things? Remember this is a symbol, and it's a symbol we're not used to. The blood represents life. The sprinkling of the blood is the representation of how God is cleaning away these indirect consequences of evil in their community. In the Bible this process is called purification. So the temple and the land now become clean space where God and His people can live together in peace. 


Emmaus City Church Worcester MA Soma Acts 29 3DM Christian Reformed Church Transcultural Kingdom Multi-Ethnic Network of Missional Communities

So this ritual makes things right between Israel and God. And more than that, the Israelites experience God's love and His grace through these symbols. And by being forgiven, ideally this would compel them to become people of love and grace, too. That's the ideal, but it wasn't always happening. 

So the prophet Isaiah talks a lot about this. He opens his book by saying that the continual sacrifices of the Israelites have become meaningless because they were also allowing great evil in their midst. Ignoring the poor and the oppressed. Even the Israelite kings were distorting justice. But Isaiah looked forward to the day when a new king in the line of David would come and deal with evil, but in a surprising way. The king would become a servant. And not just serve, but also suffer and die for the evil committed by his own people. And his life would be offered as a sacrifice. 


Emmaus City Church Worcester MA Soma Acts 29 3DM Christian Reformed Church Transcultural Kingdom Multi-Ethnic Network of Missional Communities

This is the promise Jesus believed He was fulfilling. He's the king of Israel suffering and dying on a cross. In fact, Jesus Himself used Isaiah's words when He said He came to serve and to give His life as a ransom for many. And that word "ransom" refers to a sacrifice of atonement. And so all over the New Testament we hear about how Jesus' death was an atoning sacrifice for us. It covered the debt that humans owe God for contributing to all of the evil and death in His world. But the New Testament authors also talk about Jesus' death providing purification. And so we hear about Jesus' blood as a symbol of His life, having the ability to wash away the vandalism that evil has caused in us and around us so we can now live at peace with God. So that's the meaning behind Jesus' death.

But there's more to the story. The New Testament makes this powerful claim that Jesus' death was not final. He rose from the dead. And so He's the sacrifice who broke the power of death and evil, which means He lives on to offer His life to anyone who will accept it. He is the perfect sacrifice for which all the previous sacrifices were pointing to all along. So because of Jesus, the early Christians stopped participating in the ritual animal sacrifice. They were given new rituals. There were two Jesus' taught His followers to perform. 

The first ritual is called baptism. Just as Jesus died, so going into the water becomes this personal connection you now have to His death. And in coming out of the water, you, so to speak, come back to life with Jesus. The baptism is this sacred ritual that joins your story with Jesus' death and resurrection. 


Emmaus City Church Worcester MA Soma Acts 29 3DM Christian Reformed Church Transcultural Kingdom Multi-Ethnic Network of Missional Communities

The second ritual is called the Lord's Supper, which is a reenactment of Jesus' last meal with His disciples. He used bread and wine as a symbol of His coming death and sacrifice. And so now followers of Jesus take the bread and the cup regularly to remember and to participate in the power of Jesus' death and in His life. 

So these rituals remind us of God's love and encourage us to live a life of love and grace. But they do more than that. They connect us to a new life source. The very power that brought Jesus back from the dead is the same power that can deal with the evil in our own lives and transform us into people who lead lives of love and peace. 

Next post: The Story of God | The Law

– Sully